Noble House of Brattleby — Coat of Arms, seat of Lady Nicoleta, the 12th Baroness of Brattleby
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    Arms & Armour

    Chausses

    /shoh-sez/

    Form-fitting leg coverings constructed from interlocking metal rings or padded fabric, providing primary protection for a medieval knight's lower extremities.

    Chausses represent the evolution of leg defense within the feudal military hierarchy. Initially appearing as a single sheet of mail laced behind the leg, by the late 12th century they had evolved into complete tubular hose of mail. These garments were secured to a waist belt or 'brayer' by means of leather thongs known as points, effectively distributing the significant weight of the iron mesh across the wearer's hips. In the context of English nobility, the quality and coverage of one’s chausses served as a visual indicator of rank; the highest tier of the knightly class utilized 'mail of proof' that extended from the foot to the upper thigh.

    As the tactical environment of the 13th and 14th centuries shifted toward plate transition, chausses were often augmented with 'poleyns' for the knees and later 'greaves' for the shins. In heraldic representations and effigies, the depiction of mail chausses is a crucial diagnostic tool for dating the memorial. The meticulous rendering of the mail loops on a recumbent knightly effigy signifies not only the individual's martial profession but also their adherence to the chivalric code of the 'high-born' warrior, for whom such expensive armor was a prerequisite of tenure.

    Etymology

    Derived from the Old French 'chauces', originating from the Latin 'calceus' meaning shoe or footwear.

    Historical Context

    Dominant from the 11th through the mid-14th centuries, chausses were essential for the mounted knight to protect against infantry up-strikes and missile fire.

    Examples

    • The 13th-century effigy of William Longespée in Salisbury Cathedral showcasing full mail chausses.
    • Descriptions in the 'Song of Roland' regarding the donning of iron leg-protection for battle.
    • The Bayeux Tapestry depictions of elite Norman cavalry wearing mail reaching the knee.

    A Companion Project · In Formation · brattleby.org.uk

    The Brattleby Heritage Institute

    A companion project of the Noble House of Brattleby, gathering research and published scholarship on the history of the Barony. The Institute is presently in formation: it is not a registered charity, and it is not an accredited academic institution.

    brattleby.org.uk