What the Domesday Book Actually Recorded
For each manor, the Domesday clerks recorded the lord, the under-tenants, the population (broken into villani, bordarii, cottarii and servi), the agricultural capacity in carucates and ploughs, the meadow in acres, the woodland in furlongs, the watermills and fisheries, the church if one stood, and the geld — the tax due to the Crown. Two great circuit-volumes were compiled — Great Domesday (covering most of England) and Little Domesday (Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex) — and both survive complete in The National Archives at Kew.
The survey was commissioned at the Christmas court of 1085 at Gloucester. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle complains that William sent his men "so very narrowly to inquire that there was not one single hide nor a yard of land… that was not set down." The result, finished within twenty months, became the foundational document of English real-property law and remains admissible evidence in modern English land-disputes.